Why Waste to Energy is Important to India
Increase in GDP makes more generation of solid waste
Urbanization & Cities becoming denser than yester years
Increasing Dumpsites everyday
Nation’s focus on Swach Bharat and renewable energy
Mandatory Compliance with SWM Rules 2016 by Urban Local Bodies
WtE viewed as compatible with recycling and land filling
Alternate source of energy for economic and environmental needs..
India Waste to Energy Potential
According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), there exists a potential of about 1700 MW from urban waste (1500 from MSW and 225 MW from sewage) and about 1300 MW from industrial waste.
The ministry is also actively promoting the generation of energy from waste, by providing subsidies and incentives for the projects.
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) estimates indicate that India has so far realized only about 2% of its waste-to-energy potential.
A market analysis predicts that the Indian municipal solid waste to energy market could be growing at a compound annual growth rate of 9.7%.
Composition of MSW in India
MSW Generation in India
As per estimates more than 55 million tons of MSW is generated in India per year; the yearly increase is estimated to be about 5%.
It is estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns in India is about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively. The estimated annual increase in per capita waste generation is about 1.33 % per year.
Treatment and Disposal of MSW
Open Dumps
Landfills
Sanitary Landfills
Recycling
Anaerobic Digestion & Fermentation
Incineration
Pyrolysis and Gasification
OPEN DUMPS / LANDFILLS
Open dumps refer to uncovered areas that are used to dump solid waste of all kinds.
The waste is untreated, uncovered, and not segregated.
It is the breeding ground for flies, rats, and other insects that spread disease.
The rainwater run-off from these dumps contaminates (leaching) nearby land and water thereby spreading disease.
Burning dumps generate Air pollution
Open dumps are being phased out.
SANITARY LANDFILLS
Sanitary Landfills are lined with materials that are impermeable such as plastics and clay, and are also built over impermeable soil which will solve the problem of leaching to some extent.
Constructing sanitary landfills is very costly and they are having their own problems.
The rate of decomposition in sanitary landfills is also extremely variable.
Another major problem is the development of methane gas, which occurs when little oxygen is present, i.e. during anaerobic decomposition.
In some countries, the methane being produced from sanitary landfills is tapped and sold as fuel.
RECYCLING
Only 20% of Indian MSW is recyclable
Segregation of Recyclable waste at Source is needed
Recycling of E-Waste is Critical
Recycling Industry yet to grow to meet the challenges
Despite the efforts to avoid and recycle waste, we will have to deal with 80% of non-recyclable waste that always will remain.
ANEROBIC DIGESTION & FERMENTATION
Organic matter constitutes 50% of the municipal solid waste generated in India
Segregation of Bio-degradable Organic waste at Source is needed
Large Scale Projects are yet to be viable and proven
INCINERATION - AN OLD TRADITION TO DISPOSE WASTE
Highest conversion efficiency more than 25% is possible to achieve
Environmental Emission targets are met with proven Flue Gas Treatment plants
Most Proven technologies available in the market
Cost Effective, sustainable, low-emission and climate friendly energy from Waste
May not require segregation of waste at source
PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION
Thermal degradation or partial combustion of organic waste
Segregation of waste at Source is needed
Non-commercial and only few plants have been implemented though which has been proven technically at pilot plant
Proven Technology for Indian MSW
(Thermal Conversion by Incineration)
Environment friendly & Cost Effective Technology
INCINERATION WtE TECHNOLOGY
SCALABLE TO SUIT THE NEED FOR INDIAN MARKET
Indian Waste to Energy (WtE) Power Plant
